What are Column Formwork Systems
What is Wall Formwork
These formworks are examined in cross-sectional shapes and are made of vertical boards, requiring horizontal yokes to be used as bracing and support elements. At these stages, all poured fresh concrete or lateral movements will create different pressures on the formwork. At this point, when concretes are fresh, they already exert a certain pressure depending on the formwork depths, and these are hydrostatic and dynamic concrete pressures. Since lateral movements will increase this pressure in fresh concretes, lateral yokes are of particular importance. The yokes that should be used in column formworks consist of timber or planks or steel straps with a square cross-section. However, it should be known that in columns, the spacing of the yoke frames should be dense at the bottom and sparse towards the top, taking into account concrete pressure and lateral movements. The applied yoke corners should be thoroughly nailed to each other, and they should be tied and tightened with tension rods and wires. Concrete walls should be divided into two types: concrete wall formworks placed on the ground and concrete wall formworks not placed on the ground, and appropriate support systems should be considered for these.
What is Slab Formwork
Concrete wall formworks can generally be secured more easily than columns because wall thicknesses are thin. However, it should be known that due to their longer lateral continuity, the frequency of bracing planks and upward bracing from below is important. In supporting the bracing planks, pile systems applied at the stakes should be used in all formwork models placed on the ground, and the spacing between braces should be closer at the lower yokes. The base supports should be secured with diagonal planks on the applied head. In slab formworks, formworks must be placed on the base supports in a net shape with crosswise and lengthwise planks, ribs, and bracing. All distances between the crosswise and lengthwise planks are important for carrying the fresh concrete and preventing the formwork models from being affected by lateral movements. The crosswise planks should be placed at intervals of 50-60 cm under the formworks, and the lengthwise planks should be placed above them at intervals of 80-120 cm, and base supports, which are approximately 80 to 120 cm apart, should be placed under the lengthwise planks as one of the essential steps.
www.kalmak.com
